The plant is one of the important traditional herbal medicines in every home of india. Different parts of leaves, roots, flowers and latex from this plant are used in several ayurvedic systems of medicinal preparations. It is also found in coastal dunes, roadsides, watercourses and disturbed urban areas. Antifeedant activity, calotropis procera, pest control, spodoptera litura introduction the production in agriculture is reduced by losses as high as 45% before or after harvesting due to attack of a variety of pests, including insects, nematodes, virus and bacteria. The green globes are hollow but the flesh contains a toxic milky sap that is. Phytochemistry and ethnopharmaceutics of calotropis procera. Pdf reader view, edit, share beszerzese microsoft store huhu.
The extractions from latex are quit tricky in context with preparation of latex for the extraction purpose. The fruit is also thick and, when opened, it is the source of thick fibers that have been made into rope and used in a multitude of ways. Phytochemical investigation on stem of calotropis procera ait. Antifungal, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of. There are no related plants for species calotropis procera. The calotropis procera latex had an acidic nature with ph of 4. Calotropis procera, antimicrobial, extract address for correspondence. The plant contains alkaloids, sterols, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, triterpenoids and usharin 4. Our pdf merger allows you to quickly combine multiple pdf files into one single pdf document, in just a few clicks. Calotropis procera linn is an erect, tall, large, highly branched and perennial shrub or small tree that grows to a height of 5. In the past, the silky hairs were used to stuff pillows.
With acrobat reader dc, you can do more than just open and view pdf files. Calotropis procera is a member of the milkweed or asclepiadeae family and it is the scientific name of sodom apple or madar shrub. Calotropis procera in the germplasm resources information network grin, u. It is often dominant in areas of abandoned cultivation, especially on sandy soils in areas of low rainfall. Phytochemical investigation of different plant parts of calotropis procera a. It is a useful green manure and will be planted and plowed in before the real crop is sown. It belongs in the subfamily asclepiadoideae it is native to north africa, central africa, western asia, south asia, and indochina. Flowers of the plant called calotropis procera are white and of a superior variety. Chemical constituents of plants such as alkoloids, steroid, terpenoids, resin, glycosides, carbohydrates, etc are reported in ayurvedic literature. The large, green, inflated fruit is rounded at the base and somewhat pointed at the tip, similar in shape to a mango. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. The large, green, inflated fruit is rounded at the base and. Convert files to pdf, compress pdf documents, and share and store your files with adobe acrobat online services.
The ph changes with temperature were studied in calotropis gigantia species as given below. Apple of sodom, sodom apple, stabragh and others synonymes. Biological morphology and ethanopharmocological importance. Calotrope calotropis procera is very similar to giant calotrope calotropis gigantea. Department of agriculture agricultural research service. Calotropis procera is a species of flowering plant in the family apocynaceae that is native to north africa, tropical africa, western asia, south asia, and indochina. It has been naturalized in puerto rico, the united states virgin islands, hawaii, and southern california. Calotropis procera apocynaceae is a nonnative species that has its origin in africa and asia, but was introduced into the northeastern region of brazil in the beginning of last century. It is native to north africa, central africa, western asia, south asia, and indochina. Phytochemical investigation of different plant parts of. Calotropis procera is a species of flowering plant in the dogbane family, apocynaceae, that is native to north africa, tropical africa, western asia, south asia, and indochina. Hp printers cannot print pdfs from adobe reader windows hp. The ph of latex of these two species has been found different in the present study.
The two types of the plant are also known as the apple of sodom, desert apple, giant milkweed or sodoms milkweed, rubber bush, swallowwort, dead sea apple. Calotropis procera produces various chemicals that are useful for various activities 2,3. After 24 h, 50 l of calotropis procera extract was added and pictures. Anthelmintic activity of different extracts of calotropis procera leaves abhay pratap singh 1, devender pathak 2, navneet kumar verma 1 and prabhudutta panda 1 1kailash institute of pharmacy and management gorakhpur, u. The green fruits contain a toxic milky sap that is extremely bitter and turns into a gluey coating which is resistant to soap. Antifungal, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of calotropis procera mushtaq ahmed, rehmat ali khan, s. Aiton show all show tabs roostertree general information. Apple of sodom calotropis procera is a species of plant. Calotropis gigantea arka uses, dose, side effects, ayurveda.
Common names for the plant include apple of sodom, sodom apple, stabragh, kings crown, rubber bush, and rubber tree. Effect of calotropis procera leaf extract on spodoptera. Identification of a novel calotropis procera protein that can. Calotropis gigantea and calotropis procera are to a great extent having a very similar chemical properties, but the colours of their flowers are different. Serious leaf spot disease problem of calotropis procera. Hence, it is distributed in tropical and subtropical.
Calotropis procera simple english wikipedia, the free. Calotropis gigantea called swetarka and calotropis procera called raktarka. Aiton this is a gallery page containing specially selected images. The calotropis gigantia latex had a completely b asic nature with a ph of 7. Aiton is a spreading shrub or mediumsized tree reaching 2. Calotropis procera grows as a weed in many areas of india, but it is also purposefully planted. The fruit of calotropis procera is oval and curved at the ends of the pods. Calotropis procera is regarded as useful medicinal plant and used in folk medicine. When you try to print a portable document format pdf file from adobe reader, the file does not print. This shrub is known to possess wide range of pharmacological activity. Fraction cp3, showing the highest recovery of total protein and antitumor activity, was further fractionated by rphplc on a c18 column and resolved into two protein fractions, named cpf1. The dried ethanolic extract of calotropis procera root were suspended in vehicle 0. The website also provides access to a database and images of herbarium specimens found at the university of south florida and other herbaria. This plant has been advocated to cure varieties of diseases.
Often, its another variety calotropois procera is also used in the same name. It has a deep taproot, 34 m deep, and a secondary root system with woody lateral roots that may rapidly regenerate adventitious shoots when the plant is injured. The temperature effects have been noticed on their pe. The traditional folk healers use the milky latex of aak for several ailments. Shahzaib, abdullah khan, arif waqar zaif, wasim ahmed department of biotechnology, university of science and technology bannu, khyber pakhtunkhwa pakistan key words. The plant is used in many ayurvedic formulations like arkelavana. The stems are crooked and covered with a fissured corky bark. India 2rajiv academy for pharmacy, delhimathura byepass road, mathura, u. Anticancer and antibacterial activity of calotropis. With acrobat create pdf, its easy to convert web pages to rich, highquality pdf files that maintain the layout, formatting, and links of the original content. The results therefore established a good support for the use of cera in traditional medicine afr. Calotropis gigantea crown flower is a species of calotropis the giant milkweed, calotropis procera, is native to the old world from the arabian peninsula to west, north and east africa, also from southern asia to malaysia.
Calotropis procera is small, erect shrub, which is used in several herbal and empirical medicines to cure simple and deadly diseases and disorders. The medicinal potential of calotropis procera has been known to traditional systems of medicine for a while. Asclepiadaceae has been known to the traditional systems of medicine and plant known as madar in unani medicinal system. Diabetes mellitus is a disease that affects about 10% of the population.
There are two varieties of sodom apple, calotropis procera and calotropis gigantea, from the plant family apocynaceae that are native to north and tropical africa, western and south asia. Small trees or shrubs, these two species are native to southern asia and africa and were introduced to south america and the islands of the caribbean, where they have naturalized. Stout, weakly to strongly branched succulent shrub 27 m tall. Shrivastava, suchita singh, sanchita singh department of botany and biotechnology govt. Animals rat of either sex weighing between 100 and 120 gm were selected they were kept at 2225 or at room temp. Studies on endophytic fungi of calotropis procera l. It is widely used in many ayurvedic treatments, both externally ksharasutra and internally.
It has been naturalized in puerto rico, the united states virgin islands, hawaii, and southern california other websites. Evaluation of antihyperglycaemic activity of calotropis. Phytochemistry and ethnopharmaceutics of calotropis procera oloumi h 3 extensively branched root system and thick leaves with waxy coverage are the xerophytic adaptations. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext.
Calotropis procera an overview sciencedirect topics. The disc diffusion method was performed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of calotropis procera extract. Phytochemical investigation on stem of calotropis procera. Calotropis procera is also reported widely in various folklore preperations and ethnomedicines. The weed calotropis procera belongs to the asclepiadaceae or the ark family. It is a very common herb seen widely throughout india. In india, it is found mainly in assam, west bengal, rajasthan, punjab, particularly in the wastelands. Widely it is used medicinally, to treat boils, infected wounds and other skin problems in people. Ayurvedic medicine is a traditional indian practice of healing. Secondary metabolites of calotropis have well known pharmaceutical and therapeutic applications. Open embedded pdf files annotate adding annotations, removing annotations, editing annotations markup with highlight, underline.
Leaves and flowers are dried and used as incense which are said to keep evil spirits away. The first report on ocular injury by calotropis was by muthayya in 1949 from india. Antimicrobial activity and phytochemical analysis of calotropis gigantea root, latex extracts. Study on antibacterial activity of calotropis procera. Usda, ars, germplasm resources information network. Convert pdf files to microsoft word, excel, powerpoint, and other popular formats. Ocular toxicity by latex of calotropis procera sodom apple. Its easy to add annotations to documents using a complete set of commenting. The fivepetalled waxy flowers are white with purple tips inside and have a central purplish crown. Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus mrsa obtained from the east jeddah hospital was grown in muller hinton agar medium for 24 h. Identification of a novel calotropis procera protein that.
College, patna, magadh university, bihar, india corresponding author a b s t r a c t. Anthelmintic activity of different extracts of calotropis. Calotropis procera, latex, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antifungal. Antimicrobial activity and phytochemical analysis of. Its flowers are slightly cupshaped in appearance and their relatively short and broad petals are whitish with purple tips. The name apple of sodom and dead sea apple comes from the fact that the ancient authors. The atlas of florida plants provides a source of information for the distribution of plants within the state and taxonomic information. They are mediumbranched and perennial shrubs or small trees that grow up to a height of 45 meters with milky latex throughout. College, patna, magadh university, bihar, india corresponding author a b s t r a c t keywords calotropis e pharmacology, m. It grows rarely in colder regions, but the subtropical and tropical climate suits it. Phytochemical investigation of calotropis procera ait roots. They have been chosen as highlights of a particular topic, but do not represent the full range of images that are available on commons.
Extraction of plant latex is a complex emulsion of polymer micro particles in an aqueous medium. Calotropis procera wikipedia, a enciclopedia livre. The plants root system has been shown to break up and cultivate cropland. West african plants a photo guide calotropis procera. It has been widely naturalized elsewhere including australia, hawaii, california, and the caribbean and from mexico to.
All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Calotropis procera was tested as a host for sandalwood, santalum album l. Asclepiadaceae commonly known as madar asclepiadaceae commonly known as madar oraak is a medicinally important wild shrub native to india useful in treatment of a. These two species can be distinguished by the following differences. The plant is anthelmintic, the ashes act as an expectorant. Population ecology and economic importance of calotropis. This page was last edited on 11 december 2019, at 14. The following 200 files are in this category, out of 221 total. This study aimed to evaluate the antihyperglycaemic activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of c.
Calotropis procera are widely used traditional medicinal plant to treat various ailments. The two types of the plant are also known as the apple of sodom, desert apple, giant milkweed or sodoms milkweed, rubber bush, swallowwort, dead sea apple, and ushar arabic. Africa, asia and naturalized in australia, north america, south america more infos. Other articles where calotropis procera is discussed.
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