Divide the class into groups of three or four students and give each group a copy of the quiz. It is predicted that climate change will remain one of the major drivers of biodiversity patterns in the future. Ask questions the department of biological sciences also offers free tutoring for students who are enrolled in this and other to 2000 level undergraduate biology courses. Biodiversity is typically a measure of variation at the genetic, species, and ecosystem level. Compared to water, land is an erratic habitat where temperature and moisture availability may change abruptly and.
Biodiversity conservation provides substantial benefits to meet immediate human needs, such as clean, consistent water flows, protection from floods and storms and a stable climate. Study on understanding the causes of biodiversity loss and. Indias biodiversity includes wild relatives of agricultural crops and domesticated animals. Classification of biodiversity ppt and pdf easybiologyclass. It occurs within a species as well as between species, for example, holstein friesian, nguni and hereford are all cattle, but they look different and have different meat or milk performance. It refers to all the variety of life that can be found on earth plants, animals, fungi and. These threats may possibly act in synergy to increase extinction risk from that seen in periods of rapid climate change in the past. The year 2010 has long been seen as an end goal, a time when we could look back and say, yes, weve done it that biodiversity, life on earth, is no longer threatened. Plant biodiversity conservation and role of botanists current science. Habitat loss is directly linked to human induced pressures on land. This thesis advances plant biodiversity knowledge in three separate bioregions. Biodiversity, also referred to as biological diversity, is broadly the diversity or variability of different species of plants and animals on the earth.
View plant biodiversity research papers on academia. Today, 31% gymnosperms,32%amphibians,12% bird species and 23% of mammals face the threat of loss of biodiversity. There are estimated to be around 25,000 effective plant. Biological diversity biodiversity means the variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other. Threats to biodiversity and methods of conservation are described. With time, the number of insects will surpass the flowering plant total but for now our insect biodiversity is about 200. It is not only the variety of species both plant and animal but also the variety ofgenes within those. International day for biological diversity forest biodiversity 3 international day for biological diversity 2011. Introduction the term biodiversity encompasses variety of biological life at more than one scale. India is one of the worlds most biologically and culturally diverse countries. Introduction and importance of medicinal plants and herbs. Pdf the phytosociological study was conducted in the study area in all the.
Associate professor, kamala nehru college, university of delhi. Numerous forms of stability have been described, and there is no theoretical reason to believe that biodiversity should enhance all forms. Unep 1992 defines it as the variety and variability of all animals, plants and microorganisms and the ecological complexes of which they are a part. The intention of this report is to identify whether biodiversity can play a role in the future of south africa.
The introduction of exotic species that replace local and native species is cited as the second largest cause of biodi. Reintroduction is the deliberate establishment of individuals of a species into an area andor habitat where it has become extirpated with the specific aim of establishing a viable selfsustaining population for conservation purposes. This is one of the great est threats to biodiversity. Biodiversity definition biological diversity means the variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are a part. Period date introduction botana curus is a valuable plant because itproduces curol, a compound used for treating certain kinds of cancer. The convention on biological diversity plant conservation. Biodiversity in plants the diversity of plants on the planet earth is an important resource for food, shelter, and agriculture. Encyclopedia of life support systems eolss commonly host a diversity of endemic species, which are unable to migrate to other appropriate habitats as the climate warms. Biodiversity iq quiz teachers guide foothill college. Sao tomes cocoa cooperatives provide cash and trees 34 box 6. An overview of plant biodiversity is provided in this chapter. Introduction definition, classification, importance and measurement of biodiversity look deep into nature, and then you will understand everything better albert einstein. It is mainly caused by industrialization, population, and urbanization. Although the definition of plant in strict taxonomic terms is confined to the kingdom plantae, we have used.
Biodiversity in plants and animals its importance biology. Botana curus grows very slowly and is on the endangered species list, so its ability to. India has four out of thirtyfour global biodiversity hotspots, which is an indicator of high degree of endemism of species in india. Biodiversity act 2004, the terms alien and invasive have legally distinct definitions.
Changes in long term environmental conditions that can be collectively coined climate change are known to have had enormous impacts on current plant diversity patterns. The air we breathe, the water we drink and the food we eat are fundamental to our existence. Introduction the term biodiversity was first coined by walter g. Biodiversity the concept of biodiversity has provoked considerable debate and. About 5,150 plant species and 1,837 animal species are endemic to india. Agricultural biodiversity has been defined at levels from genes to ecosystems that are involved or impacted by agricultural production. Introduction to plant population ecology springerlink. The largely tropical amazonian rain forest in south america has the greatest biodiversity on earth it is home to more than 40,000 species of plants, 3,000 of fishes, 1,300 of birds, 427 of mammals, 427 of amphibians, 378 of reptiles and of more than. The loss of biodiversity is dangerous and its consequences are immediate. Iii the role of forests in the preservation of biodiversity loo judy a. Women empowered by evolutionary and participatory plant breeding of wheat 23 box 5.
Therefore, it is important to understand what makes an ecosystem thrive. Hotspots of biodiversity and their details have also been given. Nonnative species introductions have greatly increased plant species richness in many regions of the world at the same time that they have led to. Biodiversity refers to the variety of species, their genetic makeup and the natural communities in which they occur. Effects of climate change on plant biodiversity wikipedia. Biological diversity, abbreviated as biodiversity, represent the sum total of various life. Today the earth is facing a loss of biodiversity at rapid rates. Plant introduction issn 16056574 is an international scientific journal about all aspects of experimental and applied botany, which is publishing quarterly since 1999. Details of genetic diversity, species diversity and ecosystem diversity are given. Biodiversity also underpins ecosystem function and the provision of ecosystem services. An introduction to historical plant geography, biodiversity.
Introduction definition, classification, importance and measurement of biodiversity. The term differs from biodiversity, which refers to. An introduction to pennsylvania species, habitat, ecosystems, and biodiversity what is biodiversity. Loss of biodiversity threatens smallholder livelihoods 6 box 2. Climate change is also predicted to interact with other drivers of biodiversity change such as habitat destruction and fragmentation, or the introduction of foreign species. During the 1990s the necessity of biological diversity for continued human existence emerged as a critical global issue. In general, plant richness in south africa may be correlated with climatic variables and environmental variability at both regional cowling et al. Conservation of medicinal plants general introduction. The mangrove community as a whole consists of salt tolerant plants of soft and swampy mud, mostly trees and shrubs, with broad, leathery, evergreen leaves. With time, the number of insects will surpass the flowering plant total but for now our insect biodiversity is about 200 species. Terrestrial biodiversity is usually greater near the equator, which is the result of the warm climate and high primary productivity. Introduction to biodiversity center for biodiversity outcomes. For each group of three or four students, make a copy of the quiz and the answers. Plant biodiversity science, discovery, and conservation adelaide.
From 30000 to 12 27 impact of loss of biodiversity. As part of this increasing concern, csiro plant industry and the director of national plarks environment australia, through the australian national botanic gardens, launched a new joint venture, the centre for plant biodiversity research. An important milestone in the development of the action plan. In 2002, governments set 2010 as a deadline to achieve a significant reductionin the rate of loss of biodiversity for reducing poverty. Environmentalists might define biodiversity as the total of all plant and animal life of the planet, and the planet itself the air, water and land that supports animal and plant life. It was to define challenges, explore opportunities, and make recommendations regarding the preservation of plant species native to the state and region, that is, marylands botanical heritage. Crossreference your notes with the ones posted on the internet. The term biological diversity or biodiversity refers to the variety of life forms and habitats found in a defined area. More than 150 medicinal plants have disappeared in recent decades.
It is the use of plants for medicinal purposes, and the study of such uses. Biodiversity is the shortened form of two words biological and diversity. The reintroduction of plants will become an increasingly utilized strategy in plant conservation and protected area management. Pdf an overview of plant biodiversity is provided in this chapter. The strategy was also an extremely innovative advance for the convention as it incorporated for the irst time a series of targets for biodiversity conservation, aimed at achieving measurable plant conservation outcomes by 2010. The role of forests in the preservation of biodiversity. We at the center for biodiversity outcomes at arizona state university address this need for broad participation through our commitment to interdisciplinary collaboration and multistakeholder engagement, while drawing on a long history of conservation biology research at asu.
Centre for plant biodiversity research introduction. Biodiversity is the variety and variability of life on earth. India is the 7th largest country in the world and asias 2nd largest nation with an area of 3,287,263 sq km, and is an. This number is extremely low considering that a large diversity of ips are the inhabitants of areas rich in biodiversity and forests. The biodiversity heritage library works collaboratively to make biodiversity literature openly available to the world as part of a global biodiversity community. Consensus statement two there is mounting evidence that biodiversity increases the stability of ecosystem functions through time. Alpha diversity, beta diversity, gamma diversity, what are the uses of biodiversity. The economics of ecosystems and biodiversity phase 1. Nearly 45,000 species of plants and twice as many of animals have been recorded from india.
Introduction all modern terrestrial plants are the descendants of algae that adapted to a terrestrial habitat roughly 500 million years ago. Biodiversity is not distributed evenly on earth, and is richest in the tropics. Proof sheets of descriptive labels which will be attached to foreign plant introductions distributed during. It is important to maintain this level in order to balance the environmental harmony on our planet. Steering committee, is currently in the process of developing british columbias biodiversity action plan. Introduction biodiversity requires our attention for two reasons. Plant biodiversity conservation and role of botanists. Biodiversity encompasses the variety of all life on earth. Compared to water, land is an erratic habitat where temperature and moisture availability may change abruptly and dramatically. However, of the 109 projects analyzed only 32% have full engagement stand alone ip projects or biodiversity projects that support in their totality the ip programs and needs. This volume features contributions relevant to medicinal plant conservation methods, nationallevel management, and international policy that illustrate the wide scope of relevance of medicinal plant conservation. Biodiversity refers to the variety of all forms of life on this planet, including various microorganisms, plants, animals, the ecosystem they form, and the genes they contain. About thousands of plant crop species have been identified, developed, used and relied on for the purpose of food and agricultural production in human history.
Biological diversity or biodiversity is that part of nature which includes the. Medicinal plant international union for conservation of nature. Introduction biodiversity is about more than plants, animals, and microorganisms and their ecosystems the convention on biological diversity cbd, 1992 recognizes that it is also very much about people and our need for food security, medicines, fresh air, shelter, and a clean and healthy environment. The term medicinal plant include various types of plants used in herbalism herbology or herbal medicine. Biodiversity refers to the importance of a wide variety of plants and animals that live in the world or in a specific habitat. Rewrite your lecture notes the same day these are given. Biodiversity plays a critical role in sustaining human populations across the globe. Introduction ofintroduction of nonnativenonnative species bullfrog eatingspecies bullfrog eating western tree frogwestern tree frog 6. Biodiversitybiodiversity thevariety of lifethevariety of life 1 2. There have been 20 species of amphibians noted and 15 species of reptiles including three species that are regionally significant.
The introduction of exotic nonnative species can disrupt entire ecosystems and impact populations of native plants or animals. India is one of the 12mega diverse countries of the world. These invaders can adversely affect native species by eating them, infecting them, competing with them, or mating with them. Introduction to biodiversity center for biodiversity. Introduction the conservation planning tools committee cptc, also known as the biodiversity b. According to the act an alien species is defined as. It is also one of the poorest in terms of per capita income. Biodiversity looks at the benefits of biodiversity, the threats and conservation of the different levels g slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. The role of indigenous peoples in biodiversity conservation. About 10 of flowering plants,20 of mammals and 5 of the birds are threatened. There are many threats to our natural world, which include. Forest biodiversity forests contain some of our planets most vibrant ecosystems, displaying a wondrous variety of birds, animals, and plants. When there is a shift in the balance of an ecosystem, such as the loss of a plant or an animal or an introduction of new species, this shift can lead to irreversible consequences.
Genetic diversity, the level of biodiversity refers to the total number of genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species. Plant diversity page pd1 diversity in the plant kingdom i. By far the largest group of organisms identified has been the flowering plants with a total of 557 different species. Biodiversity iq quiz teachers guide before you begin.
Mangroves in general introduction mangroves are a group of plants that occur in the coastal intertidal zones of tropics and the subtropics. An introduction to pennsylvania species, habitat, ecosystems. The biosphere comprises of a complex collections of innumerable organisms, known as the biodiversity, which constitute the vital life support for survival of human race. Page 6 india has one of the richest plant medical traditions in the world. It refers to all the variety of life that can be found on earth plants, animals, fungi and microorganisms as well as to the communities that they form and the habitats in which they live. Forest biodiversity is being lost at an alarming rate.
Biodiversity within an area, biome, or planet is therefore considered at three levels including species diversity. The potential impact of gm crops on biodiversity has been. Conservation of medicinal plants general introduction india is floristically rich and is recognized as one of the twelve mega biodiversity centers of the world, ranking 10th among the plant resources rich nations of the world and 4th among the countries of asia. The following sections will address the threats to biodiversity, as well as how these threats may affect the future of south africa. Understanding the causes of biodiversity loss and the policy assessment framework 3 table of contents table of contents 3 list of figures 7 list of tables 11 executive summary 1 introduction 17 1. Plant diversity challenge convention biological diversity. It is the tradition that is of remarkable contemporary relevance for ensuring health security to the teeming millions.
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